Vol. 3 No. 2 (2024): Guerre et rétablissement de la paix parmi les matricicultures
Articles de recherche

« Laissez vos femmes entendre nos paroles »: Les négociations de Nanyehi

PDF (Anglais) HTML (Anglais)
Matthew Cerjak
University of Michigan
Biographie
Première page du Traité de Hopewell manuscrit, composé en 1785.

Publié 2024-05-09

Mots-clés

  • Études féministes autochtones,
  • colonialisme de peuplement,
  • ethnohistoire,
  • Cherokee,
  • traditions matriculturelles

© Matthew Cerjak (Author) 2024

Licence Creative Commons

Cette œuvre est sous licence Creative Commons Attribution - Pas d'Utilisation Commerciale - Pas de Modification 4.0 International.

Comment citer

« Laissez vos femmes entendre nos paroles »: Les négociations de Nanyehi. (2024). Matrix : Un Journal d’études Matriculturelles, 3(2), 60-93. https://doi.org/10.60676/k9d4sg81

Résumé

Au cours de la fin du XVIIIe et du début du XIXe siècle, la femme bien-aimée Cherokee Nanyehi a tenté de négocier plusieurs traités avec des responsables euro-américains au nom de son peuple. Cet article, à travers un approche ethnohistorique qui tisse ensemble des rapports contemporains et des transcriptions de ses négociations avec des histoires orales, soutient que : (i) les Cherokees et les Euro-Américans avaient des visions du monde opposées, notamment en ce qui concerne le genre ; (ii) que leurs désaccords sur les conceptions du genre ont atteint leur paroxysme au cours de leurs négociations et on été une cause majeure de conflit, malgré les espoirs de Nanyehi de favoriser la coexistence ; et (iii) que l'appel de Nanyehi aux Américains de « laisser vos femmes entendre nos paroles » a conduit à ce que la matriculture Cherokee soit considérée comme une menace subversive par les hommes américains, et a par la suite motivé une mission coloniale explicite de « domestiquer » les femmes Cherokee. Cependant, en conclusion, cet article réfléchit à la survie des femmes Cherokee et souligne la résilience de la matriculture Cherokee malgré les forces oppressives.

PDF (Anglais) HTML (Anglais)

Références

  1. A Narrative of the Captivity of Mrs. Johnson. Indian Captivities Series. H.R. Huntting Company, 1907. https://books.google.com/books?id=UbbVAAAAMAAJ, Accessed June 2022.
  2. Adair, J. The History of the American Indians. E. & C. Dilly, 1775. https://books.google.com/books?id=df5SAAAAcAAJ, Accessed June 2022.
  3. Allestree, Richard. The Ladies Calling. Oxford: Printed at the Theater, 1673.
  4. Anonymous. “Reflections on the Institutions of the Cherokee Indians.” The Analectic Magazine, 1818. https://books.google.com/books?id=U5REAQAAIAAJ&dq=%22the+property+of+husband+and+wife%22+AND+%22is+as+distinct+as%22&source=gbs_navlinks_s, Accessed June 2022.
  5. Franklin, Benjamin. “From Benjamin Franklin to Peter Collinson, 9 May 1753,” May 9, 1753. Founders Online, National Archives. https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Franklin/01-04-02-0173, Accessed June 2022.
  6. Hyde, Robert. A Treatise of Feme Coverts: Or, the Lady’s Law. Containing All the Laws and Statutes Relating to Women, ... [London]: In the Savoy: printed by E. and R. Nutt, and R. Gosling, (assigns of E. Sayer, Esq;) for B. Lintot, and sold by H. Lintot, 1732. https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/CW0124473615/ECCO?u=chic_rbw&sid=bookmark-ECCO&xid=df00f9a0&pg=3, Accessed June 2022.
  7. Jackson, Andrew. “To the Cherokee Tribe of Indians East of the Mississippi,” March 16, 1835. Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History. https://www.gilderlehrman.org/collection/glc07377, Accessed June 2022.
  8. Kimber, Issac, and Edward Kimber, eds. London Magazine, or, Gentleman’s Monthly Intelligencer. Vol. 29. London, 1760. https://www.google.com/books/edition/_/-NQWtwEACAAJ?hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwig1oDhgJr3AhWJVt8KHffZAusQre8FegQICxAI, Accessed June 2022.
  9. Knox, Henry. “To George Washington from Henry Knox,” July 7, 1789. Founders Online, National Archives. https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/05-03-02-0067, Accessed June 2022.
  10. Lawson, John. A New Voyage to Carolina; Containing the Exact Description and Natural History of That Country: Together with the Present State Thereof. And A Journal of a Thousand Miles, Travel’d Thro’ Several Nations of Indians. Giving a Particular Account of Their Customs, Manners, &c.: London, 1709. https://docsouth.unc.edu/nc/lawson/lawson.html, Accessed June 2022.
  11. Long, Alexander. “A Small Postscript on the Ways and Maners of the Nashon of Indians Called Charikees, the Contents of the Whole Soe That You May Find Everything by the Peages,” 1725. http://www.rla.unc.edu/Publications/NCArch/SIS_21.pdf, Accessed June 2022.
  12. Payne, John Howard, and Daniel Sabin Butrick. The Payne-Butrick Papers. Edited by William Anderson, Jane Brown, and Anne Rogers. Lincoln & London: University of Nebraska Press, 2010. https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Payne_Butrick_Papers_2_volume_Set.html?id=zVgsDwAAQBAJ&source=kp_book_description, Accessed June 2022.
  13. Pettus, John. Volatiles from the History of Adam and Eve Containing Many Unquestioned Truths and Allowable Notions of Several Natures... London, 1674. http://proxy.uchicago.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/books/volatiles-history-adam-eve-containing-many/docview/2248496679/se-2?accountid=14657, Accessed June 2022.
  14. Ridge, John. “Success of the ‘Civilizing’ Project Among the Cherokee,” March 10, 1826. https://www.teachushistory.org/indian-removal/resources/success-civilizing-project-among-cherokee, Accessed June 2022.
  15. Romans, Bernard. A Concise Natural History of East and West Florida. Pelican Publishing, 1776. https://books.google.com/books?id=GpI5AAAAcAAJ, Accessed June 2022.
  16. Seaver, J.E. A Narrative of the Life of Mary Jemison, 1824. Garland Library of Narratives of North American Indian Captivities. Garland Pub., 1824. https://books.google.com/books?id=zJDQHFtA5zsC, Accessed June 2022.
  17. Stuart, Gilbert. A View of Society in Europe in Its Progress from Rudeness to Refinement: Or, Inquiries Concerning the History of Law, Government, and Manners. Edinburgh: Printed for John Bell and J. Murray, 1778. https://books.google.com/books?id=UCwJwAEACAAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s, Accessed June 2022.
  18. Timberlake, Henry, and D.H. King. The Memoirs of Lt. Henry Timberlake: The Story of a Soldier, Adventurer, and Emissary to the Cherokees, 1756-1765. Distributed for the Museum of the Cherokee Indian Series. Museum of the Cherokee Indian Press, 2007. https://books.google.com/books?id=vHr-cf5j0AEC, Accessed June 2022.
  19. Wahnenauhi. “The Wahnenauhi Manuscript: Historical Sketches of the Cherokees, Together with Some of Their Customs, Traditions, and Superstitions.” Edited by Jack Frederick Kilpatrick. Bureau of American Ethnology (Smithsonian Institution) 196, no. 77 (1966). https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/22138, Accessed June 2022.
  20. Washington, George. “From George Washington to the Commissioners to the Southern Indians,” August 29, 1789. Founders Online, National Archives. https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/05-03-02-0326, Accessed June 2022.
  21. Awiakta, Marilou. “Amazons in Appalachia.” Sinister Wisdom A Gathering of Spirit, no. North American Indian Women’s Issue (1983): 114–19.
  22. Awiakta, Marilou. Selu: Seeking the Corn-Mother’s Wisdom. 1 online resource (xii, 336 pages) : illustrations vols. Golden, Colo.: Fulcrum Pub., 1993.
  23. Barker, Joanne, ed. Critically Sovereign: Indigenous Gender, Sexuality, and Feminist Studies. Durham: Duke University Press, 2017.
  24. Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. “Nancy Ward.” Encyclopedia Britannica, January 1, 2022.
  25. Carney, Virginia. “‘Women Is the Mother of All’: Nanye’hi and Kitteuha: War Women of the Cherokees.” In Native American Speakers of the Eastern Woodlands, edited by Barbara Alice Mann, 123-144. Westport, Connecticut and London: Greenwood Press, 2001.
  26. Cerjak, Matthew. “Navigating the Courts: The Ingenuity and Resourceful Prowess of Female Litigants in Early Modern England.” University of Chicago, 2023. Knowledge@UChicago. https://doi.org/10.6082/uchicago.7232, Accessed March 2024.
  27. Corkran, David H. The Cherokee Frontier: Conflict and Survival, 1740–62. The Cherokee Frontier: Conflict and Survival, 1740-62. University of Oklahoma Press, 2016.
  28. Ford, Lisa. Settler Sovereignty: Jurisdiction and Indigenous People in America and Australia, 1788–1836. Harvard Historical Studies. Harvard University Press, 2010.
  29. Guédon, Marie-Françoise. “Introduction.” Matrix: A Journal for Matricultural Studies 1, no. 1 (May 2020): 3–7.
  30. Harris, Leslie M. “Imperfect Archives and the Historical Imagination.” The Public Historian 36, no. 1 (2014): 77–80. https://doi.org/10.1525/tph.2014.36.1.77.
  31. Hatley, Tom. The Dividing Paths: Cherokees and South Carolinians through the Era of Revolution. Oxford University Press, 1995.
  32. Henning, Denise K. “Yes, My Daughters, We Are Cherokee Women.” In Making Space for Indigenous Feminism, edited by Joyce Green, 1st Edition, 187-198. Nova Scotia & Winnipeg: Fernwood Publishing, 2007.
  33. Jacobs, Margaret. “Reproducing White Settlers and Eliminating Natives: Settler Colonialism, Gender, and Family History in the American West.” Journal of the West 56, no. 4 (2017): 13–24.
  34. Kessler-Harris, Alice. “Household Labor.” In Women Have Always Worked. A Concise History. University of Illinois Press, 2018, 21–60. https://doi.org/10.5406/j.ctv80c9ht.5.
  35. Mankiller, Wilma, and Michael Wallis. Mankiller: A Chief and Her People. 1st ed. 1 online resource (xxiv, 292 pages : illustrations vols. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1993.
  36. McDaid, Jennifer D. “‘Into a Strange Land’: Women Captives among the Indians.” College of William and Mary, W&M ScholarWorks, 1990. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4581&context=etd, Accessed June 2022.
  37. Mihesuah, Devon Abott. Indigenous American Women: Decolonization, Empowerment, Activism. Contemporary Indigenous Issues. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2003.
  38. Miles, Tiya. The Dawn of Detroit: A Chronicle of Slavery and Freedom in the City of the Straits. New Press, 2017.
  39. Moore, Lisa L., Joanna Brooks, and Caroline Wigginton. Transatlantic Feminisms in the Age of Revolutions. New York: Oxford University Press, 2011.
  40. Newland, Bryan. “Federal Indian Boarding School Initiative Investigative Report,” May 2022. https://www.bia.gov/sites/default/files/dup/inline-files/bsi_investigative_report_may_2022_508.pdf, Accessed June 2022.
  41. O’Hara, Kathryn. “Female Captivity Narratives in Colonial America.” The Gettysburg Historical Journal 8 (2009): 35-52. https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1079&context=ghj.
  42. Perdue, Theda. Cherokee Women: Gender and Culture Change, 1700-1835. Lincoln & London: University of Nebraska Press, 1998.
  43. Schroedl, Gerald F. “Chota.” In Tennessee Encyclopedia. Tennessee Historical Society, October 8, 2017.
  44. Shoemaker, Nancy. Negotiators of Change: Historical Perspectives on Native American Women. New York and London: Routledge, 1995.
  45. Simpson, Audra. “The State Is a Man: Theresa Spence, Loretta Saunders and the Gender of Settler Sovereignty.” Theory & Event 19, no. 4 (2016).
  46. Smith, Margaret Supplee, and Emily Herring Wilson. “Nanye’hi/Nancy Ward.” In North Carolina Women: Making History, 16-18. Chapel Hill and London: The University of North Carolina Press, 1999.
  47. Snyder, Christina. Slavery in Indian Country: The Changing Face of Captivity in Early America. Harvard University Press, 2012.
  48. Strickland, Rennard. Fire and the Spirits: Cherokee Law from Clan to Court. Norman and London: University of Oklahoma Press, 1975.
  49. Trask, H.K. From a Native Daughter: Colonialism and Sovereignty in Hawaii (Revised Edition). Latitude 20 Book. University of Hawaii Press, 1999.
  50. Veracini, Lorenzo. Settler Colonialism: A Theoretical Overview. Cambridge Imperial and Post-Colonial Studies. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2010.
  51. Wiesner-Hanks, Merry. Women and Gender in Early Modern Europe. New Approaches to European History. Cambridge University Press, 2019.
  52. Wisecup, Kelly. Assembled for Use: Indigenous Compilation and the Archives of Early Native American Literatures. The Henry Roe Cloud Series on American Indians and Modernity. Yale University Press, 2021.
  53. Wolfe, Patrick. “Settler Colonialism and the Elimination of the Native.” Journal of Genocide Research 8, no. 4 (December 1, 2006): 387–409. https://doi.org/10.1080/14623520601056240.